A Model for Implementing Sustainable Food Security Policies in Bekasi City

Abstract

Urban food security in Bekasi City faces complex challenges related to high dependence on external food supplies and unequal distribution, requiring policy approaches that extend beyond environmental considerations to include social and governance dimensions. This study examines the implementation network model of sustainable food security policy in Bekasi City using a policy network perspective, focusing on interactions among government, community, and private-sector actors. An embedded concurrent mixed-methods design was applied, with qualitative analysis as the primary approach supported by quantitative data. Data were collected through interviews, observation, documentation, and surveys, and analyzed using NVivo and SmartPLS. The findings indicate that food security policy implementation in Bekasi City is transitioning toward a more collaborative network model but remains constrained by fragmented authority, state dominance over business actors, and weak cross-sectoral coordination. Although sustainability initiatives such as urban farming and technological utilization have been introduced, they have not yet formed an adaptive and resilient implementation network. This study highlights that sustainable food security implementation depends not only on actors, network structures, institutions, and power relations, but also on the integration of agricultural food technology and information systems, and recommends strengthening inclusive and adaptive food policy institutional networks.