Strategic Implementation of Productive Waqf in Healthcare Social Security: AHP-Based Analysis

Abstract

The sustainability of healthcare financing remains a major challenge for developing countries pursuing Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In Indonesia, the National Health Insurance system (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional–JKN) administered by BPJS Kesehatan has significantly expanded access to healthcare but continues to face structural constraints, including financial deficits, service coverage gaps, and operational inefficiencies. This study examines the strategic role of productive waqf as a complementary mechanism to strengthen healthcare-based social security in Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative data from in-depth interviews with key stakeholders—waqf regulators, nazir practitioners, healthcare managers, and social health insurance experts—with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize implementation strategies under multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder conditions. The findings indicate that the limited contribution of productive waqf to healthcare social security is primarily caused by weak implementation strategies rather than insufficient waqf asset potential. Nazir professionalism and institutional capacity emerge as the most critical determinants, followed by the development of integrated waqf–healthcare operational models and effective stakeholder coordination. The AHP results further highlight that strengthening nazir professionalization and establishing waqf-based healthcare units aligned with the national health insurance system represent the highest strategic priorities. This study contributes to the literature by providing an implementation-oriented and evidence-based framework that bridges Islamic social finance and health policy, offering practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners to enhance the role of productive waqf in sustainable healthcare financing.