TEC EMPRESARIAL

Burocracia y política exterior: los nuevos desafíos de la práctica diplomática

Carreño Lara — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

El orden internacional se basa en gran medida en la soberanía del Estado; sin embargo, en la actualidad este principio ha experimentado transformaciones por la emergencia de regímenes internacionales que regulan el comportamiento estatal en diferentes áreas: derechos humanos, comercio internacional, degradación ambiental, tecnologías de la información, seguridad internacional, entre otras. En este contexto, ni los Gobiernos ni las organizaciones internacionales son capaces por sí solas de abordar las complejidades del sistema internacional. Ante esto, los empresarios y la sociedad civil se han transformado en importantes actores en casi todos los ámbitos de la política mundial. Su activa participación es un componente crítico, si no imprescindible, en la implementación de políticas públicas globales. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar no sólo las estructuras estándar de los ministerios de relaciones exteriores, sino también cómo éstos responden a la necesidad de trabajar con otras instituciones públicas y organizaciones no gubernamentales. Al hacerlo, es posible establecer cómo los Gobiernos determinan su capacidad diplomática para enfrentar los cambios globales. En suma, las dinámicas internacionales cambiaron las expectativas de los Gobiernos, exigiendo éstas una profunda profesionalización de los diplomáticos y funcionarios responsables de la política exterior. Se requieren, por lo tanto, innovaciones institucionales creativas que coordinen el trabajo de todos los actores. Asimismo, la gobernanza global exige abandonar la organización burocrática tradicional, como también desarrollar una cultura organizacional flexible y orientada a los resultados.

La transparencia del ciclo presupuestario en Uruguay: un proceso en construcción

Matías Ponce — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

El artículo tiene por objetivo explorar el estado de la transparencia presupuestaria en Uruguay desde un enfoque multidimensional que integra visiones de la literatura especializada en la materia para comprender el proceso del período presupuestal 2015-2017. Mediante distintas técnicas de investigación se reconstruye el estado de situación en transparencia presupuestaria en uno de los países con más baja corrupción de América Latina. A partir de los niveles de cumplimiento de transparencia presupuestaria, el documento expone logros alcanzados y brechas de implementación entre la normativa y los resultados en la materia. Finalmente, se esbozan orientaciones a considerar para la mejora de la transparencia presupuestaria.

Systemic Barriers to Preventing Fraud in National Health Insurance (JKN) Claims: Perspectives from Regional Hospitals and BPJS Kesehatan

Irmawati Mathar, Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani, Evi Widowati, Intan Zainafree — Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Health insurance claims within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme are highly vulnerable to fraudulent practices, which may jeopardize the sustainability of the program. Fraud prevention is therefore a critical component of accountable claim management. This study aims to analyze the challenges in implementing the JKN fraud prevention system in hospitals based on existing regulations and current practices. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study design. The study was conducted at the BPJS Health office and a hospital located in East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through document review and in-depth interviews with four informants: one BPJS Health officer, two members of the anti-fraud team, and one member of the hospital’s claim verification team. The data were processed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings were presented using interview quotations and visual illustrations generated with NVivo 15. The findings reveal that the JKN fraud prevention system in hospitals still faces major challenges, including limited understanding of fraud concepts, minimal utilization of claim detection applications, and inadequate internal audits. The data indicate five groups of outpatient services and five groups of inpatient services based on INA-CBG classifications with the highest fraud potential during the 2022–2024 period. A word cloud visualization highlighted keywords such as “verification,” “application,” “procedure,” and “regulation” as core issues in fraud prevention. Although an anti-fraud team has been established, its implementation remains suboptimal in preventing fraud within JKN claims. The implementation of the JKN fraud prevention system encounters multidimensional challenges, particularly concerning regulatory frameworks, technological support, and human resource competencies. Strengthening digital systems, harmonizing regulations, and providing technical training are essential to enhance monitoring mechanisms and early detection of fraud in JKN claims.

Factors Influencing Work System Preferences: A Study of Generation X, Y, and Z Employees

Angeline Felicia Wu, Jeryan Gintir, Ira Setyawati, Maria Grace Herlina — Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced three main work models: Work from Office (WFO), Work from Home (WFH), and hybrid. This shift has created a critical need to understand the factors that influence work system preferences among Generations X, Y, and Z in the labor market. This study examines how generational characteristics, work-life balance, flexibility, and digital literacy shape work system preferences among 413 employees in Indonesia using PLS-SEM with WarpPLS. Results show that generational characteristics and flexibility significantly influence work preferences, while work-life balance and digital literacy do not significantly affect preferences in the Indonesian context. These findings reveal how cultural norms favoring physical presence and limited remote work infrastructure create different dynamics than developed markets. Gen X and Y predominantly prefer WFO for stability and direct interaction, while Gen Z leans toward WFH for flexibility. This study contributes empirical evidence from an emerging economy perspective and highlights the importance of designing adaptive work policies that account for generational differences, organizational culture, and infrastructure readiness rather than simply adopting Western-based flexible work models.

La paradiplomacia de la ciudad. Una estrategia de desarrollo urbano

R Castillo Villar — Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Este artículo sobre la paradiplomacia de la ciudad se centra, en primer lugar, en definir conceptualmente la política internacional de los agentes subnacionales y, en este caso específico, de las ciudades. La segunda parte del ensayo se centra en la marca ciudad para enfocarla no solamente como instrumento económico, sino como un elemento central en el desarrollo urbano. Varios ejemplos de prácticas urbanas, como Londres o Ginebra, han demostrado que la cooperación entre ciudades y un enfoque global de desarrollo a largo plazo son los elementos clave para la sostenibilidad urbana.

An Integrative Model of Candidate Image, Political Campaigns, Cultural Values, and Psychological Determinants of Voting Intention in the Maluku Gubernatorial Election

Stenly Salenussa, Indrianty Sudirman, Dian AS Parawansa, Musran Munizu — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Political marketing has increasingly shaped how political actors build public trust and influence voter perceptions, yet research on its impact in regions such as Maluku remains limited. The competitive dynamics of the 2024 Maluku Gubernatorial Election demonstrate the importance of understanding how candidate image and campaign activities shape voter attitudes and choices. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of candidate image and political campaign strategies on voting interest and voting decisions in the 2024 Maluku Gubernatorial Election. This study employed a longitudinal survey conducted in Ambon City, Maluku, using non-probability purposive sampling of eligible 2024 voters to examine the application of marketing mix theory and the theory of planned behavior in political activities. The findings show that candidate images and political campaigns have a significant impact on shaping voter attitudes, as evidenced by high T-statistics and low P-values. Cultural values also play a central role by strongly shaping voter attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, indicating that local culture is a fundamental element in political preference formation in Maluku. The results further demonstrate that positive attitudes toward candidates and supportive subjective norms significantly increase voting intentions among voters. Overall, the study confirms that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are the three dominant psychological factors that determine voting interest in the political context of Maluku.

Democracia y participación ciudadana en Chile: factores y condicionantes para una gestión municipal participativa

Patricio Contreras, Verónica Fuentes — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

El artículo describe y analiza las experiencias de participación ciudadana desarrolladas de manera sistemática y sostenida por cuatro (4) municipalidades de Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el contexto y las condiciones bajo las cuales estas experiencias de participación ciudadana han logrado perdurar, incidir en la planificación municipal y configurar un modelo de gestión municipal participativa, inspirado en los principios de gobernanza y democracia participativa. Para realizar dicho análisis se utiliza el enfoque de la gobernanza democrática y la literatura de participación ciudadana sobre factores que inciden en su desarrollo. Los principales resultados que arroja este estudio es que dicha situación se daría en la medida que los mecanismos de participación ciudadana superan la voluntad política como condicionante fundamental para su desarrollo, logran empoderar a la sociedad civil organizada y articularse en un marco de políticas de participación ciudadana en el municipio. Los mecanismos de participación ciudadana detonantes de procesos de gestión municipal participativa serían predominantemente informales y previos a la Ley N° 20.500, pero efectivos para resolver los problemas que en esos espacios demandan los ciudadanos.

Aplicaciones de un marco analítico para el estudio de la construcción social de grupos meta en el diseño de políticas

Camilo Rave Restrepo — Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Este artículo presenta una explicación del marco analítico de Helen Ingram y Anne Schneider y expone tendencias de su aplicación en investigaciones empíricas donde las políticas públicas son objeto de análisis. Para tal fin se realizó un análisis de setenta y cinco referencias bibliográficas anglófonas entre 1993 y 2020, utilizando ocho criterios de revisión documental. Se destacan tres resultados: omisión de argumentos de causalidad explícitos para sintonizar el marco con las intenciones investigativas, ambigüedad en la instrumentalización de la propuesta como “marco o teoría”, y pluralidad en la utilización de los tipos ideales en tanto categorías descriptivas de la posición de grupos-meta.

From Waste to Wealth: Developing a Restorative Business Model for Sustainable Re-Mining in Indonesia’s Post-Tin Mining Management

Arisandi Dwiharto, Djumarno, Setyo Riyanto, Dudi Permana — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Re-mining and reprocessing activities at post-mining tin sites on Belitung Island, Indonesia, present a strategic opportunity to recover non-metallic mineral resources, particularly silica, from legacy mining areas. Although PT Timah Tbk, Indonesia’s state-owned tin mining company, has implemented environmental rehabilitation initiatives, field observations indicate that large portions of former mining landscapes remain degraded and underutilized. Notwithstanding these conditions, post-mining sites retain significant potential for sustainable resource management through the valorization of residual non-metallic materials. This study focuses on the sustainable utilization of mining waste by identifying, reprocessing, and integrating residual materials into environmentally responsible restoration practices, while simultaneously fostering the development of community-supported green industries. This article proposes a sustainable post-mining business model structured around three interrelated dimensions. From an ecological perspective, the model incorporates reclamation and revegetation value propositions, ecosystem restoration activities, green technology innovations for optimizing mining waste utilization, and alignment with regulatory and policy frameworks. From an economic perspective, the model emphasizes access to financing mechanisms, green investment instruments, and the circular utilization of mining residues to support long-term economic viability. From a social perspective, the model highlights stakeholder engagement through strategic partnerships with local communities and collaborative governance involving mining enterprises. Furthermore, the study advances a Restorative Business Model that integrates sustainability, circular economy principles, and land restoration into post-mining management. By promoting product diversification from mining waste, improving resource efficiency, generating local employment opportunities, and strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration, the proposed model demonstrates the potential of post-mining landscapes to transition from environmental liabilities into regenerative socio-economic assets.

Credit Risk and Profitability of ASEAN Commercial Banks: Granger Causality Test

Duong Thi Anh Tien — Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this research is to study the profitability and credit risk causality of ASEAN commercial banks. Using data from 118 ASEAN commercial banks from 2002 to 2017, we measure profitability by the ratio of net return to assets (ROA) and net return to equity (ROE). Banking credit risk is measured by the ratio of loan loss provision to assets (LLP). We set up panel vector autoregression (PVAR) to estimate this relationship. Our results indicates that there is a two-way causal relationship between ASEAN bank’s profitability measured by (ROA) and credit risk. Meanwhile, there is an only one-way relationship between profitability by ROE on credit risk and the opposite direction does not occur. Our results support the "bad management", "skimping" and "moral hazard" hypotheses of Berger and DeYoung (1997). The results of this study are the basis for providing information for executives managers to improve the bank's profitability while ensuring safety.