Servant Leadership, Supervision Competence, Teacher Performance and School Quality: Based on the Principal's Leadership Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1229/tecempresarialjournal.v19i1.364Keywords:
Servant Leadership, Supervision Competence, Teacher Performance and School Quality.Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the principal's use of servant leadership, their competency in supervision, the performance of teachers, and the overall quality of the school. This study employs multiple regression analysis utilising the consistent partial least squares (PLS) method. The findings of the study indicate a significant correlation between servant leadership and both supervision competency and teacher performance, ultimately impacting the overall quality of the school. There exists a positive correlation between the performance of teachers and the overall quality of schools. There exists an inverse correlation between the level of supervision competency and the quality of schools.
References
Aboramadan, M. (2021). Servant leadership and followers’ creativity: does climate for creativity matter? Evidence-Based HRM, 9(1), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-01-2020-0012
Adeleke, A. Q., Bahaudin, A. Y., Kamaruddeen, A. M., Bamgbade, J. A., Salimon, M. G., Khan, M. W. A., & Sorooshian, S. (2018). The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies. Safety and Health at Work, 9(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.004
Afandi, M., Wahyuningsih, S., & Mayasari, L. I. (2021). Does elementary school teacher performance matter? Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 242–252. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.35284
Agasisti, T., Falzetti, P., & Soncin, M. (2020). School principals’ managerial behaviours and students’ achievement: An empirical analysis of Italian middle schools. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(5), 937–951. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-11-2018-0350
Al Rasyid, H., Zainal, V. R., Arafah, W., Subagja, I. K., & Saad, R. A. J. (2020). Effect of effectiveness of principal leadership and implementation of teacher quality improvement strategies on school quality and quality of graduates in Junior high school tourism hospitality accommodation west Java-Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(4), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.04.11
Amin, M., Shah, S., & Tatlah, I. A. (2013). Impact of Principals / Directors’ Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction of the Faculty Members: Perceptions of the Faculty Members in a Public University of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 7(2), 16.
Andani, Y. S. B., Yulianto, A., & Murwatiningsih. (2017). Model Supervisi Klinis Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Untuk Menigkatkan Kinerja Guru Produktif di SMKN 1 Kota Bima. Educational Management, 6(2), 163–169.
Annisya, A., & Ramadan, Z. H. (2021). The Principal’s Leadership and Performance Result. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 5(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v5i2.35486
Arman, Thalib, S. B., & Manda, D. (2016). The effect of school supervisors competence and school principals competence on work motivation and performance of Junior High School teachers in Maros Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(15), 7309–7317.
Arokiasamy, A. R. A., Abdullah, A. G. K., @ Shaari, M. Z. A., & Ismail, A. (2016). Transformational Leadership of School Principals and Organizational Health of Primary School Teachers in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.124
Aydin, A., Sarier, Yi., & Uysal, Ş. (2013). The Effect of School Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Journal Articles; Reports - Research, 13(2), 806–811.
Bakar, R. (2018). The influence of professional teachers on Padang vocational school students’ achievement. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.12.017
Chandra, R. J., Sharma, S., & Kawatra, M. (2014). Servant leadership and conflict resolution: a qualitative study. International Journal of Conflict Management, 25(2), 304–321. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-12-2015-0086
Coelli, M., & Green, D. A. (2012). Leadership effects: School principals and student outcomes. Economics of Education Review, 31(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.09.001
Cohen, E. (2015). Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher and Principal Attitudes, Concerns and Competencies regarding Inclusion. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186(2002), 758–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.105
Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The Robustness of Test Statistics to Nonnormality and Specification Error in Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16
Dami, Z. A., Imron, A., Burhanuddin, B., & Supriyanto, A. (2022). Servant leadership and job satisfaction: The mediating role of trust and leader-member exchange. Frontiers in Education, 7(December), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1036668
Dami, Z. A., Wiyono, B. B., Imron, A., Burhanuddin, B., Supriyanto, A., & Daliman, M. (2022). Principal self-efficacy for instructional leadership in the perspective of principal strengthening training: work engagement, job satisfaction and motivation to leave. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2064407
Daniëls, E., Hondeghem, A., & Dochy, F. (2019). A review on leadership and leadership development in educational settings. Educational Research Review, 27(December 2018), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.02.003
Early, D. M., Maxwell, K. L., Burchinal, M., Alva, S., Bender, R. H., Bryant, D., Cai, K., Clifford, R. M., Ebanks, C., Griffin, J. A., Henry, G. T., Howes, C., Iriondo-Perez, J., Jeon, H. J., Mashburn, A. J., Peisner-Feinberg, E., Pianta, R. C., Vandergrift, N., & Zill, N. (2007). Teachers’ education, classroom quality, and young children’s academic skills: Results from seven studies of preschool programs. Child Development, 78(2), 558–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01014.x
Erlangga, E., Sugiyo, & Supriyo. (2015). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Profesional Berpengaruh Terhadap Kinerja Guru BK melalui Motivasi Kerja. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 04(02), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.15294/JUBK.V4I2.9847
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Fatchurochman, N. (2021). Improving the Performance of Administrative Employees in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Serang. Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v6i2.1505
Fauzi, A., Suryapermana, N., Wahyuni, A., & Gofur, R. (2023). Indonesian Education Services Quality: The Influence of Leadership and Total Quality Management. Pedagogika, 149(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2023.149.5
Fornell, C., & Larcker F., D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, XVIII(February), 39–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fullan, M. (1991). The New Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.
Glickman, C., Gordon, S., & Ross-Gordon, J. (2009). SuperVision and Instructional Leadership: a Developmental Approach (10th ed.). Pearson Education,Inc.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership: a Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Paulist Press, New York, NY.
Grissom, J. A., Kalogrides, D., & Loeb, S. (2015). Using Student Test Scores to Measure Principal Performance. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 37(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373714523831
Grobler, A., & Flotman, A. P. (2020). The validation of the servant leadership scale. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 46, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/SAJIP.V46I0.1754
Gumilar, G. G., & Munzir, T. (2018). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMA Global Indoasia Batam. Dimensi, 7(2), 255–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33373/dms.v7i2.1710
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second). SAGE Publications.
Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
Hermanto, Y. B., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2022). The role of servant leadership and work engagement in improving extra-role behaviour and teacher performance. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 35(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2022.120711
Hidayat, E. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Sekolah (Pengaruh Dari Faktor Kinerja Mengajar Guru Dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Belajar). Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 11(1), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.17509/jap.v21i1.6663
Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461
Howladar, M. H. R., & Rahman, M. S. (2021). The Influence of Servant Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 16(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2021-0006
Iacobucci, D., Saldanha, N., & Deng, X. (2007). A Meditation on Mediation: Evidence That Structural Equations Models Perform Better Than Regressions some arguing that experimental methods still reign supreme in the establishment of causality. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-7408(07)70020-7
Imaduddin, I., Putra, H., Tukiyo, T., Wahab, A., & Nurulloh, A. (2022). The Effect of Servant Leadership on the Quality of Education Through the Characteristics of Millennial Teachers. AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(4), 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i4.4069
Isdaryanti, B., Rachman, M., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., Florentinus, T. S., & Widodo, W. (2018). Teachers’ performance in science learning management integrated with character education. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i1.12887
Jamma, H. (2016). Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Kinerja Dengan Etos Kerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Padang Panjang. Al-Fikrah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 1(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.31958/jtm.v1i1.323
Kagema, J., & Irungu, C. (2018). an Analysis of Teacher Performance Appraisals and Their Influence on Teacher Performance in Secondary Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Education, 11(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.17509/ije.v11i1.11148
Kara, S. B. K., & Ertürk, A. (2015). Mental Models of the School Principals on “Leadership.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 2145–2152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.014
Karsiyem, K., & Wangid, M. N. (2015). Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Gugus III Sentolo Kulon Progo. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 3(2), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.21831/amp.v3i2.6337
Khoeriyah, S. W. (2015). Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMP IT Yaspida Sukabumi. Ta’dibi, 5(2), 34–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30997/jtm.v4i2.344
Koswara, K., & Rasto, R. (2016). Kompetensi Dan Kinerja Guru Berdasarkan Sertifikasi Profesi. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 1(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v1i1.3269
Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Rowatt, W. C. (2023). Humility in novice leaders: links to servant leadership and followers’ satisfaction with leadership. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(1), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1952647
Larasati, E., Karnati, N., & Muhab, S. (2022). The Effect of Servant Leadership, Compensation, Professional Development on the Performance of State Elementary School Teachers in West Jakarta. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(3), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i3.220
Leniwati, & Arafat, Y. (2017). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 2(2), 290–303.
Liao, C., Lee, H. W., Johnson, R. E., & Lin, S. H. (2021). Serving You Depletes Me? A Leader-Centric Examination of Servant Leadership Behaviors. Journal of Management, 47(5), 1185–1218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320906883
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2015). Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28. Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002
Liu, S., Hallinger, P., & Feng, D. (2016). Supporting the professional learning of teachers in China: Does principal leadership make a difference? Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.023
Ma, Y., Faraz, N. A., Ahmed, F., Iqbal, M. K., Saeed, U., Mughal, M. F., & Raza, A. (2021). Curbing nurses’ burnout during COVID-19: The roles of servant leadership and psychological safety. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(8), 2383–2391. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13414
Maskur, Haryono, & Hidayah, I. (2018). Contribution of Supervision of School Supervisor and School Quality Culture on Primary School’s Managerial Competence. Education Management Journal, 7(1), 25–32.
Muin, J. A., Riyanto, & Wibowo, S. B. (2020). Teacher competencies for dyslexia students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 904–908. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080322
Mutohar, P. M., & Trisnantari, H. E. (2014). The Effectiveness of Madrasah: Analysis of Managerial Skills, Learning Supervision, School Culture, and Teachers’ Performance. Malaysian Online Journal of Education, 2(1), 48–61.
Navaridas-Nalda, F., Clavel-San Emeterio, M., Fernández-Ortiz, R., & Arias-Oliva, M. (2020). The strategic influence of school principal leadership in the digital transformation of schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 112(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106481
Nurhasyim, N., Arafat, Y., & Wardiah, D. (2021). The effect of principal supervision competence and teacher motivation on teacher performance in primary schools. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 6(2), 581. https://doi.org/10.29210/021092jpgi0005
Nurlaili, N., Warman, W., & Raolah, R. (2021). Improvement of principals’ supervision competence through accompaniment in principal working groups. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(4), 1704–1720. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i4.6033
Ohlson, M. (2009). Examining Instructional Leadership: A Study of School Culture and Teacher Quality Characteristics Influencing Student Outcomes. Florida Journal of Educational Administration & Policy, 2(2).
Parris, D. L., & Peachey, J. W. (2013). A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theory in Organizational Contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(3), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6
Piaw, C. Y., Hee, T. F., Ismail, N. R., & Ying, L. H. (2014). Factors of Leadership Skills of Secondary School Principals. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 5125–5129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1085
Pramesti, D., & Muhyadi. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 5(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v5i1.11854
Pujiyati, W. (2020). Strengthening of School Quality Through School Principal Leadership. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 1(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v1i2.1685
Purnomo, E. N., Supriyanto, A., Mustiningsih, & Dami, Z. A. (2021). The effectiveness of principal leadership styles in crisis management. Pedagogika, 141(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2021.141.1
Rasyid, H. Al, Zainal, V. R., Arafah, W., Subagja, I. K., & Saad, R. A. J. (2020). Effect of effectiveness of principal leadership and implementation of teacher quality improvement strategies on school quality and quality of graduates in Junior high school tourism hospitality accommodation west Java-Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(4), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.04.11
Riyadi, A., Bafadal, I., Burhanuddin, & Timan, A. (2023). Instructional Leadership, Differentiated Instruction, Community of Practice, and Student Wellbeing: Based on the Perspective of the Principal Strengthening Training Policy. Pedagogika, 149(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2023.149.1
Saepurohman, L., & Satori, D. (2021). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Teacher Performance. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2020), 526, 189–192. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210212.040
Saleem, F., Zhang, Y. Z., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
Samsu, S. (2022). Principal Leadership, E-Learning Supervision, Teacher Performance Within Learning Transformation At Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Jambi Province. INNOVATIO: Journal for Religious Innovation Studies, 22(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.30631/innovatio.v22i1.138
Setiyati, S. (2016). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Guru. Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori Dan Praktik Kependidikan, 1(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v1i22016p063
Shirin, A. V. (2014). Is Servant Leadership Inherently Christian ? Leader as Therapist. Journal of Religion and Business, 3(13), 1–25.
Silalahi, M., Romy, E., Candra, V., & Sudirman, A. (2022). The Involvement Locus of Control , Servant Leadership , and Innovative Work Behavior to Improve Teacher Performance. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 12(2), 751–763. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v12.i2.202227
Steinberg, M. P., & Garrett, R. (2016). Classroom Composition and Measured Teacher Performance: What Do Teacher Observation Scores Really Measure? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, XX(X), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373715616249
Sumirah. (2020). Principal Supervision, Work Dicipline, and Pedagogical Competence. International Journal of South East Asia, 1(December), 9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47783/journijsa.v1i1.86
Suprayitno, H., Su’ad, & Sukirman. (2022). Teacher Performance in Terms of Principal Leadership Behaviour and Teacher Training. ICCCM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(4), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.53797/icccmjssh.v1i4.4.2022
Suyatno, Jumintono, Pambudi, D. I., Mardati, A., & Wantini. (2019). Strategy of Values Education in the Indonesian Education System. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 607–624.
Trinh, T. P. T., Van Pham, T., Cao, H. T., Nguyen, T. T., Nghiem, T. T., & Tran, T. (2019). The profile of professional standards for secondary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Education and Practice, 7(4), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2019.74.310.323
Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., de Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014
Waruwu, M. (2019). The Implementation of Servant Leadership in Improving Teachers’ Performance at Elementary School (Study Case at Catholic Elementary Schools in Bandung). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR) 2nd 2nd International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2018) The, 258(Icream 2018), 261–264. https://doi.org/10.2991/icream-18.2019.53
Wijania, I. W. (2017). Kontribusi Kepemimpinan Pelayan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Kerja Dan Disiplin KerjaTerhadap Kinerja Guru. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran PPs Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 1(4), 176–184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v1i3.11983
Wills, G. (2016). Principal leadership changes and their consequences for school performance in South Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 51, 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.08.005
Wiyono, B. B., Burhanuddin, & Maisyaroh. (2020). Comparative effect of the supervision of the principal and quality of organizational management in school education. Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(Extra10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4155681
Yagil, D., & Oren, R. (2014). Servant Leadership, Engagement, and Employee Outcomes: The Moderating Roles of Proactivity and Job Autonomy. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(2), 75–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2021a1
Yasin, B., & Mustafa, F. (2020). The Correlation between school principal leadership competence and teachers’ social behaviours. Indonesian Research Journal in Education, 4(1), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v4i1.9093
Zheng, Q., Li, L., Chen, H., & Loeb, S. (2017). What Aspects of Principal Leadership Are Most Highly Correlated With School Outcomes in China? Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(3), 409–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X17706152
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tec Empresarial

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






