Public Policy Reform in Indonesia: Navigating Bureaucratic Culture in the Age of Disruption

Abstract

Public policy reform in Indonesia faces unique challenges due to the persistence of a hierarchical and rigid bureaucratic culture that often resists change. In the age of disruption, characterized by rapid technological advancements, shifting social expectations, and economic volatility, the need for adaptive and responsive governance has become more urgent. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of public policy reform in Indonesia by examining the interplay between bureaucratic culture and the demand for innovation in governance. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on policy documents, expert interviews, and secondary literature to explore how Indonesia has navigated reforms such as digital bureaucracy initiatives, e-government, and decentralization. The findings highlight three critical insights: first, while Indonesia has made progress in adopting digital governance platforms, bureaucratic resistance and rigid procedures remain major obstacles; second, leadership and organizational culture play a pivotal role in shaping reform outcomes; and third, collaborative governance and citizen participation offer promising pathways to bridge the gap between traditional bureaucracy and modern policy demands. The study contributes to the discourse on governance reform by demonstrating that successful public policy transformation in Indonesia requires not only technological and structural innovation but also cultural shifts within the bureaucracy itself. This research provides both theoretical insights and practical implications for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of aligning reform strategies with contextual realities in developing countries.