Clinical Implications of Necroptosis Biomarkers in Sepsis
Keywords:
Necroptosis, Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinases, Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Pseudokinase, Sepsis, Estradiol.Abstract
Necroptosis is a cell death process that is attractively unique and separate from apoptosis, as indicated by the involvement of receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain pseudokinase (MLKL). This highlights important biomarkers of necroptosis: RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, which encompass their structural, functional, and contributory roles in disease pathogenesis. We explore the intricate molecular mechanisms that underpin necroptosis, emphasizing the activation and complex interactions among RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. The clinical relevance of necroptosis biomarkers is thoroughly assessed, particularly in the context of sepsis, where elevated levels of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL are strongly associated with disease severity and patient prognoses. Techniques for the detection and quantification of these biomarkers are reviewed, along with current therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating necroptosis. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of various therapeutic agents, such as estradiol, on the levels of these biomarkers and their potential to alter the course of disease progression. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future research directions and the potential for innovative therapeutic interventions targeting necroptosis.
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